The role of the interbank dealer is for the most parts transparent. To retail traders, the primary dealer is often separated by several layers of brokers and middlemen
Currency forwards and futures are where traders agree the rate for exchanging two currencies at a given date in the future. This can for example be 1 month, 3 months, or 6 months ahead.
Control of money and interest rates is vital to the working of an economy and as such in most countries, the responsibility for managing them is given to a central bank.
Charting is really a sub-discipline of technical analysis - however it's a very big one as nearly every Forex trader will utilize, to some extent, price charts when making trading decisions.